Surveillance and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis

Table 1 At risk population for HCC surveillance: AASLD guide lines[21]

Hepatitis B carriers

Asian males 40 years or more

Asian females 50 years or more

All cirrhotic hepatitis B carriers

Family history of HCC

Africans over age 20

For non-cirrhotic hepatitis B carriers not listed above the risk of HCC varies depending on the severity of the underlying liver disease, and current and past hepatic inflammatory activity. Patients with high HBV DNA concentrations and those with ongoing hepatic inflammatory activity remain at risk for HCC

Non-hepatitis B cirrhosis

Hepatitis C

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Genetic hemochromatosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Group with lack of evidence. Although the following groups have an increased risk of HCC no recommendations for or against surveillance can be made because a lack of data precludes an assessment of whether surveillance would be beneficial: a1-antitrypsin deficiency, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis