mRNA transcriptome profiling of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 treated with Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles

Figure 1 Cytotoxicity evaluation of Catharanthusroseus-silver nanoparticles on HepG2 and THLE-3 cells. A: The cytotoxicity of HepG2 cell lines treated with different concentrations of Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles (C. roseus-AgNPs); B: The IC₅₀ of C. roseus-AgNPs on HepG2 cells; C: The cytotoxicity of THLE3 cell lines treated with different concentrations of C. roseus-AgNPs; D: The IC₅₀ of C. roseus-AgNPs on THLE-3 cells. All experiments were done in triplicate, and the data represent means ± standard deviations. The comparison between each concentration with untreated cells was done using two-way ANOVA with Dunnet post-test to detect any significant differences (^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001; ns not significant). C. roseus-AgNPs: Catharanthus roseus-silver nanoparticles.

Figure 2 The correlation analysis between samples. The colour represents the correlation coefficient.

Figure 3 Volcano plot of differentially expression genes. Red points represent upregulated differentially expression genes (DEGs). Blue points represent down-regulated DEGs. Grey points represent non-DEGs. DEGs: Differentially expression genes.

Figure 4  Gene Ontology classification of upregulated and downregulated differentially expression genes.

Figure 5 Network enrichment result. The darker the colour indicates the highest enrichment pathways. The larger the area, the higher the degree of enrichment.

Figure 6 Model of cytotoxicity mechanism in HepG2 cell treated with C. roseus-AgNPs that involves the upregulated genes (in red) and downregulated genes (in green).