Role of nanotopography in the development of tissue engineered 3D organs and tissues using mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 2 Overview of tissue engineering strategy of incorporating scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (derived directly from the patient) are expanded in the laboratory, whereby the necessary environment for their growth has been prepared. These cells are then seeded onto a scaffold and either allowed to differentiate ex vivo pre-implantation or the scaffold is immediately implanted.