Stem cell biology in thyroid cancer: Insights for novel therapies

Figure 4 A schematic representation showing cancer stem cells resistance to chemo-and radio-therapy causing tumor to relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) (yellow) with differentiated cells committed to a particular lineage (red). Ability of CSCs to resist anti-cancer therapy due to various mechanisms and ability to proliferate into heterogeneous group of cells cause tumor to relapse. HMGA2: High mobility group A2; ABCG2: ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2; MDR1: Multi-drug resistance protein-1; IGF: Insulin-derived growth factor; EGF: Epidermal growth factor; bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor.