Early B lymphocyte development: Similarities and differences in human and mouse

Figure 4 Motility of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in bone marrow. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reside in their own specialized niches where they could preserve the reconstituting and/or differentiating ability. The cellular components and anatomical localization make specialized environments, consisting of soluble and surface-bound signaling molecules, cell-cell contacts, extracellular matrix proteins, and local mechanical environments. The niches for stem cell maintenance and differentiation are distinct. It is believed that hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) self-renew in their niches adjacent to the sinusoidal vasculature with mesenchymal progenitors, endothelial cells, sympathetic neurons, arteries, and macrophages such as osteoclasts. Once the differentiating daughter cell is generated after asymmetrical division of HSC, it moves to the favorable space for undergoing specific lineage commitment. For B lymphopoiesis, progenitors are co-localized with bone-lining oseoblasts in endosteal area.