Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of aortic aneurysms

Table 3 Methodology of delivery system

Delivery system	Administration site	Localization, timing	Delivery system		Ref.
			Merits	Demerits
Cell-sheet	Adventitia of abdominal aorta	Adventitia, 4 wk after implantation	High targeting ability	Invasive procedure by laparotomy	[51]
iv	Tail vein	Media and/or adventitia, at 4 wk	Least invasive	Low targeting ability and trapping in other tissue	[53]
iv	Tail vein	Data not shown	Least invasive	Low targeting ability and trapping in other tissue	[54]
Catheter	Clamped endovascular	Intima 1 wk after injection	Less invasive and high targeting ability	Requirement of a surgical procedure or advanced catheter intervention	[56]
Catheter	Clamped endovascular	Media 3 wk after injection	Less invasive and high targeting ability	Requirement of a surgical procedure or advanced catheter intervention	[57]
Direct injection	Injured aortic wall	Aortic wall, 1 wk after injection	High targeting ability	Risk of rupture	[58]

iv: Intravenous.