An overview of the role of cancer stem cells in spine tumors with a special focus on chordoma

Table 1 Cell surface markers and transcription factors potentially associated with cancer stem cells

Tumor type	Cell surface markers and transcription factors
Chondrosarcoma	SOX9
Osteosarcoma	CD133, CD117, CD44, CD105, ABCG2, CXCR4, ICAM-1, STRo-1, OCT 3/4, Nanog, STAT3, SOX2
Ewing’s sarcoma	CD133/Prominin-1, OCT4, SOX2, Nanog
Multiple myeloma	CD19, CD20, CD27+, CD138-, SOX2
Giant cell tumor	CD105, CD37, CD166, CD117, CD113, CD44, CD73, CD166, FGF-R3
Chordoma	CD133, CD15, OCT4, klf4, C-myc, SOX2, SSEA-1, Nanog, Brachyury

ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.