Neural differentiation from pluripotent stem cells: The role of natural and synthetic extracellular matrix

Table 2 Effects of extracellular matrices proteins on neural differentiation of pluripotent stem cells

ECM protein	Integrins	Cell source	Neural differentiation	Ref.
Laminin Matrigel (rich in laminin)	α6β1 α3β1	HESC lines: TE03 and TE06	Neuronal generation and neurite outgrowth were significantly greater on laminin and laminin-rich Matrigel than fibronectin, poly-D-lysine, and collagen I	Ma et al[16], 2008
Fibronectin	α5β1	Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from rats	Promoted OPC survival, proliferation, migration, process extension, and OPC purity	Hu et al[35], 2009
Vitronectin	αvβ1, αvβ3, αvβ5	hESC lines: Miz-hES4, Miz-hES6	Promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation in the presence of RA/Shh/Noggin	Gil et al[36], 2009
Collagen IV	α1β1, α10β1	Rabbit neural progenitor cells	Conducive for both neuronal and glial cell differentiation	Raghavan et al[61], 2013
Collagen I	α2β1	Rabbit neural progenitor cells	Conducive for both neuronal and glial cell differentiation	Raghavan et al[61], 2013
Vitronectin-derived synthetic peptide acrylate surface	αvβ5	hESC line: H1	Promoted oligodendrocyte progenitor differentiation; higher NG2 expression compared to Matrigel	Li et al[13], 2013
Heparan sulfate	Binding heparin	Rabbit neural progenitor cells	Addition of heparan sulfate to collagen mixtures improved neuronal differentiation	Raghavan et al[61], 2013

ECM: Extracellular matrix; hESC: Human embryonic stem cells; RA: Retinoic acid; Shh: Sonic hedgehog; OPC: Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.