Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide rejuvenates septic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 6 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment improves the antioxidant capacity of mitochondria via the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/sirtuin 3/superoxide dismutase pathway. A: Expression level of sirtuin 3 in healthy donors, septic and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-treated septic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) (n = 6); B: In vitro reactive oxygen species levels were expressed as mean fluorescence intensity of forward scatter for healthy donor-, septic-, and NAD-treated septic BMSCs (n = 5); C: Superoxide dismutase activity of every 20 μg of protein from different BMSCs (n = 5); D: Measure mitochondrial membrane potential with TMRE staining to show mitochondrial integrity. TMRE staining (red) and Hoechst 33342 staining (blue). The mean intensity of TMRE staining was calculated with Image J; E: Graph of NAD/sirtuin 3/superoxide dismutase pathway. Error bars represent the mean ± SEM. P values were determined using One-Way ANOVA (^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001). HD: Healthy donors; NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; MFI: Mean fluorescence intensity; SIRT3: Sirtuin 3; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SOD: Superoxide dismutase.