Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide rejuvenates septic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 4 Senescence behavior in healthy donors and septic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. A: Representative β-gal staining images of healthy donors (HD) and septic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); B: In vitro reactive oxygen species levels assessed by flow cytometry, expressed as mean fluorescence intensity of forward scatter for HD BMSCs (n = 9) and septic BMSCs (n = 8); C: Relative senescence-associated secretory phenotype content (transforming growth factor β1, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1β) compared to HD samples in both groups (n = 8); D: Detection of senescence markers (P16, P21) in HD BMSCs (n = 10) and septic BMSCs (n = 12). Data were presented as mean ± SEM. P values were determined by t-test (^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.005). HD: Healthy donors; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; MFI: Mean fluorescence intensity; TGF: Transforming growth factor; IL: Interleukin.