Extended protective effects of three dimensional cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells in a neuroinflammation model

Figure 2 Three-dimensional-cultured mesenchymal stromal cells increase the release of immunomodulation related cytokines. A: Relative mRNA level of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, heme oxygenase 1, and prostaglandin E synthase after 24 hours incubation. Expression levels were normalized to two-dimensional (2D); B: Immunoblot analysis measured the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and heme-oxygenase 1 after 24 hours incubation in 2D and 3D (left) and graph showing quantification of the expression level of each protein compared to the expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (right). n = 3-4 independent experiments, unpaired t-test, ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^dP < 0.0001. 2D: Two-dimensional; 3D: Three-dimensional; PTGS2: Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; IDO: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; HMOX1: Heme oxygenase 1; PTGES: Prostaglandin E synthase; COX2: Cyclooxygenase-2; HO1: Heme-oxygenase 1; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.