Outcomes of combined mitochondria and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome therapy in rat acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis

Figure 10  Histopathological findings of lung injury and arterial oxygen saturation by day 5 after acute respiratory distress syndrome induction. A-E: Illustrating the histopathological findings (i.e., hematoxylin and eosin stain) of lung parenchyma by microscope (200 ×) for verifying the lung injury scores (i.e., including variables of alveoli and lung crowding) among the five groups of animals; F: The number of alveolar sacs among five groups. control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, ^dP < 0.05; G: Crowded scores of lung parenchyma. control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01, ^dP < 0.001. The scale bars in right lower corner represent 50 μm; H: Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂%), control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.001, ^bP < 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 6 for each group). SC: Sham-operated control; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; SS: Sepsis syndrome; mito^Ex: Exogenous mitochondria; EX^AD: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes.