Outcomes of combined mitochondria and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome therapy in rat acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis

Figure 9 Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes-exogenous mitochondria were identified in the lung parenchyma of acute respiratory distress syndrome rat by day 5 after acute respiratory distress syndrome induction. A and B: Illustrating the immunofluorescent (IF) microscopic finding (1000 ×) of Lipophilic Tracers Dil stain for identification whether the present or absent exogenous mitochondria in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group (A) and ARDS-sepsis syndrome (SS) + mitochondria group (B). Noted that no mitochondria were found in ARDS animal. However, numerous mitochondria (red color) (note yellow arrows indicated very small-brilliant particles are mitochondria) were identified in lung parenchyma of ARDS-SS + mitochondria animal; C and D: Illustrating the IF microscopic finding (1000 ×) of Lipophilic Tracers DiO stain for identification whether the present or absent adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in ARDS group (C) and ARDS-SS + exosome group (D). Noted that no exosome was found ARDS animal. However, some exosomes (green color) (note yellow arrows indicate very small particles are exosomes) were identified in lung parenchyma of ARDS-SS + mitochondria animal. The scale bars in right lower corner represent 10 μm. ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; SS: Sepsis syndrome.