Outcomes of combined mitochondria and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome therapy in rat acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis

Figure 6 Protein expressions of oxidative stress and autophagy, and cellular level of DNA damage by day 5 after acute respiratory distress syndrome induction. A: Protein expression of NOX-1, control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01; B: Protein expression of NOX-2, control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01; C: Protein expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01; D: Protein expression of Nrf2, control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01; E: Protein expression of beclin-1, control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01; F: Protein expression of autophagy related 5, control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01; G: Protein expression of the ratio of LC3B-II to LC3B-I, control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.01; H-L: Illustrating the immunofluorescent microscopic finding (400 ×) for identification of γ-H2AX+ cells (red color). Yellow dotted line large square box was the manifestation of yellow dotted line small square box for more clear identification of double stained (i.e., DAPI stain for nuclei+ γ-H2AX) γ-H2AX+ cells (white arrows). The scale bars in right lower corner represent 20 μm; M: Analytical result of number of γ-H2AX+ cells, control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.0001, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.001. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 6 for each group). Nrf1: Nuclear respiratory factor 1; Atg5: Autophagy related 5; SC: Sham-operated control; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; SS: Sepsis syndrome; mito^Ex: Exogenous mitochondria; EX^AD: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes.