Outcomes of combined mitochondria and mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome therapy in rat acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis

Figure 4 Exosomes therapy effectively reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis and preserved the lung epithelial cell junctions. A: Protein expression of interleukin-1β; B: Protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α; C: Protein expression of nuclear factor-κB; D: Protein expression of toll-like receptor-4; E: Protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9; F: Protein expression of NOX-1; G: Protein expression of NOX-2; H: Protein expression of cleaved caspase 3; I: Protein expression of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; J: Protein expression of occludin; K: Protein expression of β-catenin; L: Protein expression of zonula occludens-1; M: Protein expression of E-cadherin. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 3 for each group). Control vs other groups with different letters, ^aP < 0.001, ^bP < 0.01. B1: L2 cells only; B2: L2 cells + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1.0 μg/mL); B3: L2 cells + LPS (1.0 μg/mL) + exosomes (10 μg). IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; NF-κB: Nuclear factor NF-κB; TLR: Toll-like receptor; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; c-Casp3: Cleaved caspase 3; ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1; PARP: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.