Effects of interleukin-10 treated macrophages on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway

Figure 4 The effect of macrophages on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. A: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for Alkaline phosphatase (Alp) mRNA level in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) at the 3^rd d after osteogenic induction, which were co cultured with different groups of macrophages: M0, M0 + lipopolysaccharide (LPS), M0 + LPS + interleukin-10 (IL-10); compared with the control group; B: Real-time PCR analysis for osteocalcin mRNA level in BMSCs (groups as above); C: Real-time PCR analysis for Recombinant runt related transcription factor 2 mRNA level in BMSCs (groups as above). The expression levels were normalized to the expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; D: Analysis of ALP activity of BMSCs following range of co-cultured with different groups of macrophages at 1, 3, 5, 7 d, compared with the control group; E: At the 14^th d after osteogenic induction of different BMSCs, quantitative measurement of calcium mineral deposition was stained by Alizarin Red S staining. n = 3 biological replicates. Data are represented as mean ± SD, statistically significant difference at the levels as ^aP < 0.05 and ^bP < 0.01. Alp: Alkaline phosphatase; Ocn: Osteocalcin; Runx2: Recombinant runt related transcription factor 2; Gapdh: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL-10: Interleukin-10; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.