Hydrogel loaded with bone marrow stromal cell-derived exosomes promotes bone regeneration by inhibiting inflammatory responses and angiogenesis

Figure 1 Characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell- and HEK293-derived exosomes. A: Particle size distribution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived and HEK293-derived exosomes (BMSC-exo and HEK293-exo, respectively) detected by NanoSight; the mean diameter is 150 nm; B: Representative images of the morphology of BMSC-exo and HEK293-exo via transmission electron microscopy; C: Western blot identification of exosome surface markers; D: Expression of BMSC-exo and HEK293-exo protein; E: Internalization of PKH26-labeled exosomes within mouse osteoblast progenitor cells by fluorescence microscopy, Scale bar: 50 μm. BMSC-exo: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome.