Sinomenine increases osteogenesis in mice with ovariectomy-induced bone loss by modulating autophagy

Figure 2 Morphology, quantitative protein assay of femur and visceral toxicity assays. A: Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining images of trabecular bone under the distal femur growth plate from the sham group, ovariectomized (OVX) + NS group, OVX + sinomenine (SIN) group, and OVX + SIN + 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group; B: Representative Masson staining images of trabecular bone under the distal femur growth plate from each group; C-F: Protein levels of ALP, RUNX2 and COL1A1 in mouse bone tissues; G: Effects of SIN and 3-MA on organ tissues. H&E staining was performed on heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney sections. No changes in organ structure were observed, indicating that the administration of SIN and 3-MA had no harmful effects on organ tissues in this study. Three fields were randomly selected for each sample, and 5 biologically independent mouse samples were used in each group. n = 3 per group. Values are shown as the mean ± SD. ^bP < 0.01, all data were normalized relative to the sham group. OVX: Ovariectomized; SIN: Sinomenine; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine.