Self-assembly of differentiated dental pulp stem cells facilitates spheroid human dental organoid formation and prevascularization

Figure 3 Strategies for the construction of a model for the study of prevascularized dental pulp organoids (Vorganoids). A: Schematic diagram of the timeline for generating Vorganoids from human dental pulp stem cells; B: Morphological differences between normal tissues, organoids, and vorganoids. Scale bar for hematoxylin-eosin staining = 100 μm and for transchromatic electron microscope = 5 μm. CM: Condition medium; HE: Hematoxylin-eosin; TEM: Transchromatic electron microscope; hDPCs: Human dental pulp stem cells; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; CM: Conditioned medium; FBS: Foetal bovine serum.