Self-assembly of differentiated dental pulp stem cells facilitates spheroid human dental organoid formation and prevascularization

Figure 2 Human dental pulp stem cell culture and identification of multilineage differentiation ability. A: Human dental pulp stem cell surface marker identification; B: Immunofluorescence staining for dentin sialophosphoprotein, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2, and collagen type III. Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation were examined by assessing mineralised nodule formation, oil red O staining, and alcian blue staining, respectively, via pellet culture (morphology). Scale bar = 100 μm. DSPP: Dentin sialophosphoprotein; PPARγ2: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2; col III: Collagen type III; IF: Immunofluorescence; DAPI: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.