High quality repair of osteochondral defects in rats using the extracellular matrix of antler stem cells

Figure 2 Effects of different extracellular matrix-sheets on cell attachment and proliferation in vitro. A: Attachment and propagation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (bMSCs) on the fabricated adipocyte-derived MSC (aMSC-), antlerogenic periosteal cell (APC-), and antler reserve mesenchymal cell-extracellular matrix (RMC-ECM) sheets at two time points (24 and 72 h). 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining: Blue and bMSCs red (pre-labelled with PKH26). First column: Decellularized ECM-sheets; second column: Cultured rat bMSCs 24 h after seeding on the sheets; third column: Cultured rat bMSCs 72 h after seeding on the sheets. Note that all three sheets were suitable for mesenchymal stromal cells to attach and proliferate; RMC-ECM-sheets not only had more cells but also less evidence of PKH26 label (red), indicating PKH26 color was more diluted due to subjecting more cycles of division; B: Quantification of cell numbers cultured on each ECM-sheet. Note that bMSCs were successfully attached and actively proliferated at 24 h after seeding, although no significant difference in cell numbers was detected amongst the three types of ECM-sheets. At 72 h, cell numbers of all groups were significantly increased compared to the corresponding group at 24 h (P < 0.001); and highly significantly differences in cell numbers were detected amongst these three groups: RMC group was higher (P < 0.01) than those of aMSC group and APC group; and APC group was significantly higher than that of aMSC group (P < 0.05). bMSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell; aMSC: Adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stromal cell; APC: Antlerogenic periosteal cell; RMC: Antler reserve mesenchymal cell.