Therapeutic utility of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells-based approaches in pulmonary diseases: Recent advancements and prospects

Table 2 Clinical trials of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

No	Trial ID	UC-MSCs administration protocol			Phase	Status	Patients	Age (yr)	Follow-up time	Mask	Allocation	Country
		Frequency	Dose (cells)	Route
1	NCT05387278	3 (at days 1, 3, 5 and 7)	N/A	IV	I	Recruiting	20	18-75	12 wk	Quadruple-blind	Randomized	United States
2	NCT03608592	1	1 × 106/kg	IV	N/A	Unknown	26	18 to older	N/A	Open-label	N/A	China
3	NCT05741099	1	N/A	IV	I/II	Recruiting	20	18-85	N/A	Triple-blind	Randomized	China
4	NCT04355728	2 (within 24 h and within 72 h)	1 × 108	IV	I/II	Completed	24	18 to older	N/A	Triple-blind	Randomized	United States
5	NCT04452097	1	Group 1: 0.5 × 106/kg; group 2: 1 × 106/kg; group 3:1.5 × 106/kg	IV	I/II	Not yet recruiting	39	18-80	N/A	Open-label	Non-randomized	China
6	NCT04494386	1/2 (at days 1 or 1 and 3)	1 × 108	IV	I/II	Active, not recruiting	60	18 to older	12 months	Triple-blind	Randomized	United States
7	NCT04456361	1	1 × 108	IV	I	Active, not recruiting	9	18 to older	3 months	Open-label	N/A	Mexico
8	NCT04565665	2 (at days 1 and within 7 d)	N/A	IV	I/II	Recruiting	70	18 to older	12 months	Open-label	Randomized	United States
9	NCT03042143	1	N/A	IV	I	Recruiting	129	16 to older	N/A	Quadruple-blind	Randomized	United Kingdom
10	NCT04347967	1	N/A	IV	I	Not yet recruiting	18	20-85	N/A	Open-label	N/A	China
11	NCT04333368	3 (at days 1, 3 and 5)	1 × 106/kg	IV/CVC	I/II	Completed	40	18 to older	12 months	Triple-blind	Randomized	France
12	NCT05240430	1	1 × 106/kg	IV	N/A	Recruiting	1	18 to older	4 wk	N/A	N/A	Turkey
13	NCT04400032	3 (at days 1, 2, and 3)	Group 1: 7.5 × 107, group 2: 1.5 × 108, group 3: 2.7 × 108	IV	I/II	Completed	15	18 to older	N/A	Open-label	Non-randomized	Canada
14	NCT04490486	2 (at days 0 and 3)	1 × 108	IV	I	Withdrawn	21	18 to older	N/A	Double-blind	Randomized	United States

UC-MSCs: Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; IV: Intravenous; CVC: Central venous catheter; N/A: Not available.