Exosomes derived from microRNA-540-3p overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells promote immune tolerance via the CD74/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway in cardiac allograft

Figure 1 Overexpression of microRNA-540-3p in dendritic cells modulates surface markers and cytokine production. A: Ten immune-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes compared to those in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes; B: Quantification of immune-related miRNA expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; C: Expression of miR-540-3p in dendritic cells (DCs) at 48, 72, and 96 hours after transfection; D-G: Flow cytometry analysis of the positive rate of cell surface markers in DCs (major histocompatibility complex II, CD80, CD86, CD274) and DCs after co-culture with T cells for 72 hours; H-K: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based quantitative analysis of cytokine production (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor β1) in DCs and DCs after co-culture with T cells for 72 hours. ^aP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.0001. BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; NC: Negative control; IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; DC: Dendritic cell; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; IL: Interleukin; TGF: Transforming growth factor; IFN: Interferon.