Dual role of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases

Table 1 Comparison among mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells

	MSCs	iPSCs	iMSCs
Differentiation potential	Differentiate into the 3 mesengenic lineages	Pluripotent	Do not differentiate into adipose cells
Proliferative potential	Low-medium	High	High
Immunomodulation	Immunomodulation properties	Immunomodulation properties	Immunomodulation properties
Gene signature	Age-related gene pathway	Rejuvenation-associated gene pathway	Age-related gene pathway
Variability	Donor and batch-dependent	Single-clone derivation	Single-clone derivation
Soluble factor release	Higher vascular development	Delayed effect	Neurological symptoms
Safety	No safety issues	Safety issues	Safety issues

MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells; iMSC: Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells.