Refining adipose-derived stem cell isolation for optimal regenerative therapy

Table 3 Recent advances in adipose-derived stem cell applications: Preconditioning techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions

Preconditioning techniques	Clinical outcomes	Future directions	Ref.
Pharmacological agent use	Increased regenerative capacity; improved immunomodulation	Exploration of novel agents and standardization of therapeutic dosages	Jeyaraman et al[1], 2024; Liu et al[2], 2024
Hypoxic preconditioning	Enhanced ADSC survival; improved wound healing	Further investigation for optimizing hypoxia duration and conditions	Suryawan et al[17], 2021
Mechanical stimulation	Enhanced tissue regeneration; increased cell viability	Development of standardized protocols for mechanical stimulation	Carr et al[3], 2024; Goulas et al[11], 2024
EV modulation	Modulated macrophage polarization; improved anti-inflammatory effects	Investigation of EV content manipulation to optimize therapeutic effects	Souza et al[6], 2024; Symonds et al[18], 2023
Chemical preconditioning	Improved angiogenic capacity; accelerated tissue repair	Identification of optimal chemical agents and concentrations	Qin et al[5], 2024; Li et al[12], 2024
Cytokine preconditioning	Enhanced immunomodulatory properties; reduced inflammation	Further exploration of cytokine combinations for targeted therapies	Yin and Shen[7], 2024; Yang et al[19], 2024

Recent advances in adipose-derived stem cell preconditioning techniques highlight the efficacy of various methods in enhancing clinical outcomes. These techniques include hypoxic preconditioning, pharmacological agent use, mechanical stimulation, extracellular vesicle modulation, chemical preconditioning, and cytokine preconditioning. This table presents findings from recent studies, underscoring improvements in adipose-derived stem cell survival, tissue regeneration, and immunomodulation. In the future, these techniques must be optimized to maximize therapeutic efficacy. ADSC: Adipose-derived stem cell; EV: Extracellular vesicle.