Refining adipose-derived stem cell isolation for optimal regenerative therapy

Table 1 Various stromal vascular fraction isolation techniques and their effects on adipose-derived stem cell viability and functionality

Isolation techniques	Key features	ADSC viability	ADSC functionality	Ref.
Enzymatic digestion (collagenase)	Commonly used method; effectively degrades extracellular matrix components	High initial viability; slight decrease in viability over time because of enzymatic exposure	Promotes adipogenesis and angiogenesis; weakens ADSCs’ immunomodulatory properties through enzymatic exposure	Jeyaraman et al[1], 2024; Garroni et al[13], 2024; Ruoss et al[14], 2024
Nonenzymatic mechanical disruption	Utilizes physical methods such as centrifugation and filtration; avoids chemical agents	Generally lower initial viability than that achieved with enzymatic methods; weak effects on long-term cell viability	Maintains multipotency with fewer alterations in the secretome profile; improves preservation of native ADSC functions	Mundluru et al[4], 2024; Goulas et al[11], 2024; Tareen et al[15], 2024
Centrifugation-based methods	Separates SVF on the basis of density; often combined with other techniques for enhanced purity	Moderate to high viability; dependent on centrifugation parameters, such as speed and duration	Retains adipogenic and osteogenic potential; weakens immunomodulatory properties through mechanical stress	Jeyaraman et al[1], 2024; Qin et al[5], 2024; Souza et al[6], 2024
Microfluidic channel–based isolation	Advanced method utilizing microfluidic channels for precise cell sorting; minimal physical and chemical stress	High viability because of minimal manipulation; enhanced precision in the isolation of ADSCs from SVF	Preserves a wide range of cellular functions, such as differentiation potential and cytokine secretion	Liu et al[2], 2024; Carr et al[3], 2024; Li et al[12], 2024
Automated closed systems	Fully automated systems with closed environments to reduce contamination; often used in clinical settings	High viability with reduced contamination risks; consistent and reproducible outcomes	Maintains functional properties, as do traditional methods; improves safety for greater clinical applicability	Soltani et al[8], 2024; Ruoss et al[14], 2024; Mohseni Meybodi et al[16], 2024
Hybrid techniques (enzymatic + mechanical)	Combination of enzymatic and mechanical methods to enhance yield and viability	High viability because of the balance between enzymatic efficiency and mechanical preservation of cell integrity	Enhances functional outcomes - for example, by improving differentiation and paracrine effects; allows for tailored applications	Jeyaraman et al[1], 2024; Qin et al[5], 2024; Garroni et al[13], 2024

This table presents information on various stromal vascular fraction isolation techniques and their effects on adipose-derived stem cell viability and functionality. It summarizes the key features of individual techniques, indicating how they influence adipose-derived stem cells’ initial and long-term viability and functional capacities, such as differentiation potential, cytokine secretion, and immunomodulatory properties. References are provided to support the findings. ADSC: Adipose-derived stem cell; SVF: Stromal vascular fraction.