Gamma-aminobutyric acid enhances miR-21-5p loading into adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via TXNIP regulation

Figure 7 Graphical abstract. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue, under the influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) abundant in microRNA-21-5p. These EVs possess the ability to impede intracellular thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression in cardiomyocytes, thereby modulating the formation of TXNIP-thioredoxin 2 complex and facilitating thioredoxin 2 involvement in regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress. Consequently, this diminishes the level of mitochondrial oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and confers protective effects on cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions such as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. GSH: Glutathione; IAT: Inguinal adipose tissue; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TRX2: Thioredoxin 2.