Gamma-aminobutyric acid enhances miR-21-5p loading into adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via TXNIP regulation

Figure 2 Gamma-aminobutyric acid-induced adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from inguinal adipose tissue mitigates neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes mitochondrial oxidative stress levels and enhances mitochondrial function during hypoxia and reoxygenation in vitro. A: Representative micrographs of isolated neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCMs) stained with JC1 probe (n = 3; scale bars = 200 μm); B: Representative micrographs of isolated NMCMs stained with mitosox probe (n = 3; scale bars = 200 μm); C: Real-time oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) and calculated basal and maximal respiration rates in NMCMs (n = 6); D: Representative micrographs of isolated NMCMs stained with mitotracker and lysotracker (n = 5; scale bars = 200 μm); E: Representative micrographs of extracellular vesicles (EVs) examined by transmission electron micrographs (scale bars = 500 nm). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. GABA: Gamma-aminobutyric acid; H/R: Hypoxia and reoxygenation; IAT: Inguinal adipose tissue.