Gamma-aminobutyric acid enhances miR-21-5p loading into adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via TXNIP regulation

Figure 1 Gamma-aminobutyric acid-induced adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from inguinal adipose tissue exhibits potential in mitigating neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes injury under hypoxia and reoxygenation conditions in vitro. A: Experiment design. The cardiomyocytes extracted from neonatal mice were categorized into four experimental groups: Vehicle, hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R), H/R+ extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) from inguinal adipose tissue (IAT), H/R+ gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced ADSCs from IAT; B: Experiment design. ADSCs were extracted from the IAT of mice using an enzymatic digestion method. After incubating the ADSCs in complete medium containing 5 μM GABA for 48 h, EVs were extracted; C: Representative micrographs of EVs examined by transmission electron micrographs (scale bars = 500 nm); D: Representative micrographs of PKH67 (scale bars = 200 nm); E: Representative micrographs of isolated neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes stained with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (n = 5; scale bars = 200 μm); F: The percentage of AnnexinV+ neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were calculated using flow cytometry (n = 5). ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001.