Neural stem cells for Parkinson’s disease management: Challenges, nanobased support, and prospects

Table 3 Clinical trials for cell-based therapy in Parkinson’s disease

Study identifier	Cell type	Aim of the study
NCT03119636[62]	hESC-NPCs	Safety and efficacy evaluation of intracerebral transplantation
NCT05635409[63]	hESC-DA neurons	Safety and tolerability evaluation of intraputamenal transplantation
NCT02452723[64]	ISC-hpNSC®	Safety evaluation of intracerebral transplantation
NCT03815071[65]	iPS-NSCs	Safety and efficacy evaluation
UMIN000033564[66]	iPSC-derived dopaminergic progenitors	Safety and efficacy of transplantation into the corpus striatum
NCT03128450[67]	hNSCs	Safety and efficacy evaluation of nasal delivery
NCT03309514[68]	NSC-derived neurons	Safety and efficacy evaluation of intracerebral injection
NCT01898390[69]	hVMT	Safety and efficacy evaluation
NCT02795052[70]	BMSC	Efficacy evaluation of intravenous and intranasal delivery
NCT00976430[71]	BMSC	Safety and efficacy evaluation
NCT03724136[72]	BMSC	Efficacy evaluation of intravenous and intranasal delivery on cognitive impairment
NCT03684122[73]	Umbilical cord derived MSCs differentiated into NSCs	Safety evaluation of intrathecal and intravenous injections

BMSC: Bone-marrow-derived stem cell; iPS-NSC cells: Pluripotent stem-cell-derived neural stem cells; ISC-hpNSC^®: Human parthenogenetic stem-cell-derived neural stem cells developed by international stem cell corporation; hNSCs: Human neural stem cells; hVMT: Human ventral mesencephalon tissue; hESC-NPCs: Human embryonic stem cells-derived neural precursor cells.