Current overview of induced pluripotent stem cell-based blood-brain barrier-on-a-chip

Table 1 Microfluidic device design and fabrication

Ref.	Manufacturing					Characteristics of microdevices
	Fabrication	Main material of device	Technology used	Mold details	Membranes	Dimensions as width × height
Kurosawa et al[18], 2022	MIMETAS® (OrganoPlate® 3-lane plate)	Unspecified polymer	NR	NR	Membrane-free	Top and bottom channels: 320 μm × 220 μm. Gel channels: 360 μm × 220 μm. PhaseGuides®: 100 μm × 55 μm
Fengler et al[19], 2022	MIMETAS® (OrganoPlate® 3-lane plate)	Unspecified polymer	NR	NR	Membrane-free	Top and bottom channels: 320 μm × 220 μm. Gel channels: 360 μm × 220 μm. PhaseGuides®: 100 μm × 55 μm (width × height)
Wevers et al[20], 2021	MIMETAS® (OrganoPlate® 3-lane plate)	Unspecified polymer	NR	NR	Membrane-free	Top and bottom channels: 320 μm × 220 μm. Gel channels: 360 μm × 220 μm. PhaseGuides®: 100 μm × 55 μm
Noorani et al[21], 2021	Emulate® (brain on-a-chip)	PDMS	NR	NR	PDMS membrane	Brain channel: 1 mm × 1 mm. Blood channel: 1 mm × 0.2 mm
Middelkamp et al[22], 2021	In house	PDMS	Soft lithography	Material: PMMA. Fabrication: Micrommilling	PETE membrane (5 μm thick)	Straight bottom channel: 500 μm × 500 μm. Open-top compartment: 500 μm × 1500 μm
Choi et al[23], 2021	In house	PMMA	CNC	NA	PETE membrane	HUVEC microchannels: 800 μm × 200 μm. iBMECs microchannels: 800 μm × 500 μm
Motallebnejad et al[24], 2020	In house	NR	Soft lithography	NR	Membrane-free	800 μm × 100 μm
Lee et al[25], 2020	In house	PDMS	Soft lithography	Material: SU-8. Fabrication: Photolithography	Membrane-free	Fluidic channel: 1340 μm × 150 μm. Main channel: 2200 μm × 150 μm
Jagadeesan et al[26], 2020	In house	PDMS	Soft lithography	Material: SU-8. Fabrication: Photolithography	PDMS membrane (50 μm thick)	Top microchannel: 1 mm × 1 mm. Bottom microchannel: 1 mm × 0.2 mm
Vatine et al[27], 2019	In house	PDMS	Soft lithography	Material: SU-8. Fabrication: Photolithography	PDMS membrane (50 μm thick)	Top microchannel: 1 mm × 1 mm. Bottom microchannel: 1 mm × 0.2 mm
Park et al[28], 2019	In house	PDMS	Soft lithography	Material: Prototherm. Fabrication: 3D printed (Proto labs)	PE membrane (20 μm thick)	Hollow microchannels: 1 mm × 1 mm. Top channel: 1 mm × 1 mm. Bottom channel: 1 mm × 0.2 mm
Campisi et al[29], 2018	In house	PDMS	Soft lithography	Material: Silicon Wafer. Fabrication: NR	Membrane-free	Fluidic channel: 1000 μm × 150 μm. Main channel: 1300 μm × 150 μm. Distance between posts: 200 μm
Wang et al[30], 2017	In house	Objet VeroClear photopolymer	3D object printer (Objet 30Pro, Stratasys Ltd., Rehovot, Israel)	NA	PC membrane (0.4 μm pore size)	Main channel: 300 μm × 160 μm
DeStefano et al[31], 2017	In house	PDMS	Soft lithography	Material: Aluminum mold. Fabrication: NR	Membrane-free	390 μm, 450 μm, 550 μm, and 770 μm (different width)

3D: Three-dimensional; CNC: Computer numerical control; hBMECs: Human brain microvascular endothelial cells; HUVEC: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; NA: Not applied; NR: Not reported; PDMS: Polydimethylsiloxane; PC: Porous polycarbonate; PE: Polyethylene terephthalate; PETE: Polyester track-etched; PMMA: Poly(methyl methacrylate); SU-8: Negative photoresist.