Stromal cell-derived factor-1α regulates chondrogenic differentiation via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 1 Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. A: At passage 3, the cells resembled fibroblasts. Scale bar = 100 μm; B: Differentiation into bone cells was demonstrated by alizarin red S staining. Scale bar = 100 μm; C: Alcian blue staining indicated that the cells had successfully transformed into chondrocytes. Scale bar = 500 μm; D: Oil red O staining confirmed differentiation of the cells into adipose cells. Scale bar = 100 μm.