Modulation of stem cell fate in intestinal homeostasis, injury and repair

Figure 2 Modulation of stem cell fate determination and epithelial repair by various sources of stress. Both exogenous (inflammation, chemoradiotherapy, and diet) and endogenous factors (mitochondrial dysfunction, extracellular matrix, and enteric nervous system) have vital effects on stem cell fate modulation. The self-renewal capacity, the balance of proliferation and differentiation are tightly controlled in the process of epithelial repair and regeneration. ECM: Extracellular matrix.