Role of brahma-related gene 1/brahma-associated factor subunits in neural stem/progenitor cells and related neural developmental disorders

Table 1 BRG1/BRM-associated factor complex subunits in neural stem/progenitor cells

BAF complex subunits (aliases)	NSPC types	Function	Interaction signalings/factors	Related neural developmental diseases	Ref.
BAF45A (PHF10)	oNSC, E10.5-E11.5 cortical NPCs, E10.5-E16.5 spinal cord VZ	NSPC proliferation	BRG1	-	Bachmann et al[15], 2016; MacDonald et al[89], 2022; Lessard et al[41], 2007
BAF45D (DPF2)	SGZ, SVZ, spinal cord central canal GFAP + radial glial cells	PAX6 expression, contributes to NSPC induction	PAX6, BRG1	CSS	Liu et al[42], 2017; Wang et al[44], 2019; Chen et al[43], 2022; Vasileiou et al[69], 2018; Knapp et al[70], 2019; Milone et al[71], 2020
BAF47 (SMARCB1)	oNSC	-	BRG1	CSS, kleefstra syndrome, Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome	Bachmann et al[15], 2016; Tsurusaki et al[72], 2012; Santen et al[74], 2013; Wieczorek et al[75], 2013; Kleefstra et al[88], 2012; Gossai et al[73], 2015
BAF53A (ACTL6A)	oNSC, NPCS in the neural tubes of E11.5 embryos	BAF53A is essential for NPC proliferation	miR-9 and miR-124	-	Bachmann et al[15], 2016; Lessard et al[41], 2007; Yoo et al[45], 2009
BAF55A (SS18)	NPCs in VZ	SS18 is required for NSC self-renewal	BRG1	-	Staahl et al[48], 2013
BAF57 (SMARCE1)	Adult human OBNSCs	NSC proliferation	Neuregulin-1	CSS	Wieczorek et al[75], 2013; Kosho et al[67], 2014; Marei et al[52], 2012; Zarate et al[76], 2016; Pirotte et al[63], 2010
BAF60A (SMARCD1)	Oligodendrocyte precursors	-	BRG1, BAF155 and BAF170	CSS, Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome	(Yu et al[54], 2013; Hsiao et al[53], 2003; Machol et al[78], 2019; Nixon et al[77], 2019
BAF60C (SMARCD3)	NPCs in human retinas as well as mouse retina, cortex and spinal cord	Keeps the progenitors in a proliferative state -	Notch signaling	-	Lamba et al[55], 2008
BAF155 (SMARCC1)	oNSC, adult human OBNSCs	Proliferation and maintenance of ONSCs forebrain development	BRG1, PAX6	ASD	Lessard et al[41], 2007; Marei et al[52], 2012; Narayanan et al[33], 2015; Neale et al[84], 2012
BAF170 (SMARCC2)	oNSC, in postnatal DG, in RGL progenitors	oNSC proliferation, affects NSC proliferation, differentiation, forebrain development	BRG1	CSS, ASD, Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome	Lessard et al[41], 2007; Machol et al[78], 2019; Narayanan et al[33], 2015; Neale et al[84], 2012; Tuoc et al[38], 2017
BAF190A (BRG1/SMARCA4)	Mouse VZ, SGZ, SEZ, NSCs/NPCs, NCC	NSC maintenance and neuronal differentiation	PAX6, BAF45D	CSS, ASD	Tsurusaki et al[72], 2012; De Rubeis et al[85], 2014; Matsumoto et al[28], 2006; Petrik et al[29], 2015; Ninkovic et al[30], 2013
BAF250A (ARID1A)	Developing cortex	Regulates NSPC proliferation and differentiation during cortical development	BRG1	CSS	Tsurusaki et al[72], 2012; Liu et al[40], 2021

BRG1: Brahma related gene 1; BRM: Brahma; BAF: BRG1/BRM-associated factor; NSPCs: Neural stem/progenitor cells; oNSCs: Olfactory neural stem cells; CSS: Coffin-siris syndrome; VZ: Ventricular zone; OBNSCs: Olfactory bulb-derived neural stem cells; ASD: Autism spectrum disorder; KSS: Kleefstra syndrome spectrum; DG: Dentate gyrus; RGL: Radial glial-like; SEZ: Subependymal zone; NCC: Neural crest cells.