Mechanisms of analgesic effect of mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis pain

Table 1 Recommended therapies for the management of osteoarthritis by the American College of Rheumatology and Arthritis Foundation

	Hand	Knee	Hip
Physical and psychosocial approaches
Exercise1	√	√	√
Self-Efficacy and Self-Management Programs1	√	√	√
Weight loss1		√	√
Tai Chi1		√	√
Heat, therapeutic cooling2	√	√	√
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy2	√	√	√
Acupuncture2	√	√	√
Paraffin2	√
Yoga2		√
Pharmacological approach
Oral NSAIDs1	√	√	√
Topical NSAIDs	√2	√1
IA corticosteroids	√2	√1	√1 (image-guided)
Acetaminophen2	√	√	√
Tramadol2	√	√	√
Duloxetine2	√	√	√
Chondroitin2	√
Topical capsaicin2		√

¹Strongly recommended.

²Conditionally recommended.

Strongly and conditionally recommended approaches for the management of hand, knee, and hip osteoarthritis are shown. NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; IA: Intra-articular.