Extracellular vesicles: Emerged as a promising strategy for regenerative medicine

Table 2 Extracellular vesicles investigated in clinical studies

Research title	Interventions	Status
Treatment of Patients with Bone Tissue Defects Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enriched by Extracellular Vesicles	MSCs enriched by extracellular vesicles	Not yet recruiting
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Infusion Treatment for ARDS	Bone Marrow MSC Derived Extracellular	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of Platelet- and Extracellular Vesicle-rich Plasma in Chronic Postsurgical Temporal Bone Inflammations	Plateletand extracellular vesicle-rich plasma	Completed
Use of Autologous Plasma Rich in Platelets and Extracellular Vesicles in the Surgical Treatment of Chronic Middle Ear Infections	Plateletand EVs-rich plasma	Recruiting
Extracellular Vesicle Infusion Treatment for COVID-19 Associated ARDS	ExoFlo	Completed
Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles (BMMSC-EVs) for the Treatment of Burn Wounds	Drug: AGLE-102 (BMMSC-EVs)	Not yet recruiting
Treatment of Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies by Intravenous ExtracellularVesicles of CardiovascularProgenitor Cells	Extracellular vesicle-enriched secretome of cardiovascular progenitor cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells	Not yet recruiting
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Infusion Treatment for Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19: A Phase II Clinical Trial	Drug: ExoFlo. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles	Not yet recruiting
A Safety Study of IV Stem Cellderived Extracellular Vesicles (UNEX-42) in Preterm Neonates at High Risk for BPD	UNEX-42 is a preparation of extracellular vesicles that are secreted from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline	Terminated
ExoFlo™ Infusion for Post-Acute COVID-19 and Chronic Post COVID-19 Syndrome	Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles	Not yet recruiting
Study of ExoFlo for the Treatment of Medically Refractory Ulcerative Colitis	ExoFlo. Intravenous administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles	Recruiting
Study of ExoFlo for the Treatment of Medically Refractory Crohn's Disease	ExoFlo. Intravenous administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles	Recruiting
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived EVs for COVID-19 Moderate-to-Severe ARDS: A Phase III Clinical Trial	EXOFLO. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived EVs	Recruiting
Pilot Study of Human Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes Promoting Wound Healing	Adipose tissue derived exosomes	Not yet recruiting
Exosome Effect on Prevention of Hairloss	Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosome	Recruiting
Expanded Access for Use of ExoFlo in Abdominal Solid Organ Transplant Patients	Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles Infusion Treatment	Not yet recruiting
Safety of Injection of Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes for Treatment of Resistant Perianal Fistula in Crohn's Patients	Placenal MSC derived exosomes	Active, not recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Injection of Human Placenta Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes for Treatment of Complex Anal Fistula	Placenta MSCs derived exosomes	Recruiting
Safety and Tolerability Study of MSC Exosome Ointment	Exosome ointment	Completed
The Pilot Experimental Study of the Neuroprotective Effects of Exosomes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants	Exosomes derived from MSCs	Not yet recruiting

ARDS: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; MSC: Mesenchymal stromal cells; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; EVs: Extracellular vesicles.