Extracellular vesicles: Emerged as a promising strategy for regenerative medicine

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.165

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Apr 26, 2023 (publication date) through Jul 26, 2024

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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World J Stem Cells. Apr 26, 2023; 15(4): 165-181
Published online Apr 26, 2023. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.165

Table 1 The mechanism of extracellular vesicles in the regeneration medicine

	Source of EVs	Mechanism
Kidney	MSC-EVs	Inhibiting oxidation, apoptosis, and inflammation
	HLSC-EVs	Regulating angiogenesis, the cell cycle, regeneration, autophagy, proliferation[36-38,46]
	BMSC-EVs
Liver disease	hiPSCs-EVs	Inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis
	Hepatocyte-EVs	Supporting hepatocyte function
	MSC-EVs	Promoting angiogenesis
		Reducing inflammatory responses[48-53]
Cardiac muscle	ESCs-EVs	Vascularization
	iPSCs-EVs	Amelioration of apoptosis and hypertrophy
	MSCs-EVs	Promoting cell proliferation and migration[55-60]
	CDCs-EVs
	BMSC-EVs
Tendon	BMSC-EVs	Modulating macrophage phenotypes
	ADSC-EVs	Anti-inflammatory reaction
		Enhancing proliferation, migration, tenogenic differentiation of TSCs
		Regulating angiogenesis
		Modulating immune responses[62-68]
Wound healing	BMSC-EVs	Promoting re-epithelialization
	ADSC-EVs	Promoting collagen maturity and angiogenesis
	hENSC-EV	Enhancing cell proliferation and migration[69-74]
	HUVECs-EVs
	iPSC-EVs
Tooth and periodontal tissue	BMSC-EVs	Modulating the inflammatory immune response
	ADSC-EVs	Enhancing cell proliferation and migration
	DPSC-EVs	Promoting odontogenic differentiation
	DFC-EVs	Stem cell recruitment[76-83]
	PDLSC-EVs
	HERS-EVs
	SC-EVs
Nerve	SKP-SC-EVs	Mediating axon regeneration
	BMSC-EVs	Regulating the phenotype of Schwann cells
	ADSC-EVs	Promoting angiogenesis
	GMSC-EVs	Regulating inflammatory reactions[84-94]
Bone	ADSC-EVs	Angiogenesis
	BMSC-EVs	Osteoblast proliferation
	SMSC-EVs	Intercellular communication
	PRP-EVs	Immune regulation[96-104]

EVs: Extracellular vesicles; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; HLSC: Human liver stem cells; hiPSCs: Human-induced pluripotent stem cells; ESCs: Embryonic stem cells; iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells; CDCs: Cardiosphere-derived cells; hENSC: Human Endometrial stem cells; DPSC: Dental pulp stem cells; DFC: Dental follicle cell; PDLSC: Periodontal ligament stem cells; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma; SMSC: Synovium mesenchymal stem cells; HERS: Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath; BMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; ADSC: Adipose stem cells; GMSC: Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cell; SKP-SC: Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells; TSC: Trophoblast stem cells.

Citation: Wang DR, Pan J. Extracellular vesicles: Emerged as a promising strategy for regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15(4): 165-181
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v15/i4/165.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.165