Human mesenchymal stem cells exhibit altered mitochondrial dynamics and poor survival in high glucose microenvironment

Figure 2 High glucose decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential level of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) fluorescence intensity values of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) cultured in high glucose for 7 d were substantially declined compared to fluorescent intensity values of cells cultured in low glucose. Live fluorescent images showed a weak signal of TMRE stain in hAD-MSCs after being placed in high glucose for 7 d compared to strong TMRE signal in low glucose cultured cells. n = 4, ^aP < 0.05 compared to low glucose control. Fluroscnet images were captured at Texas Red filter using Cytation 5 (BioTek, United States). TMRE: Tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester; RFU: Relative fluorescence units.