How to enhance the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration

Figure 2 The harsh environment in which the intervertebral discs are located. There is almost no vascular distribution in the intervertebral discs, and the nutrient supply relies mainly on the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients in the subendothelial vessels. The closer to the center of the nucleus pulposus, the lower the partial pressure of oxygen and the concentration of proteoglycans, which results in an extreme microenvironment, such as nutrient deficiency, high osmotic pressure, and acidic PH.