How to enhance the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate intervertebral disc degeneration

Figure 1 Mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes can treat disc degeneration through the appropriate target. The extracellular vesicles secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells can be enriched with a variety of RNAs, DNAs, and proteins that can be targeted to treat disc degeneration. They have been shown to have a corresponding effect in promoting stem cell differentiation into myeloid cells, increasing extracellular matrix production, and reducing the release of inflammatory factors (pain reduction). MATN3: Martrilin-3; SOX9: SRY-box transcription factor 9; TGF: Transforming growth factor.