Changes of cell membrane fluidity for mesenchymal stem cell spheroids on biomaterial surfaces

Figure 4 Membrane fluidity for mesenchymal stem cells cultured on tissue culture polystyrene and for mesenchymal stem cells spheroids formed on various substrates. A: Illustration of experimental procedures for determination of the membrane fluidity; B: Double-labeled cells (with yellow color) are indicated by white arrowheads. Scale bar: 100 μm; C: Population percentages of the double-labeled cells collected from the tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), or CS-hyaluronan (CS-HA) substrates as indicated. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, among the indicated groups; D: Population percentages of double-labeled cells were measured from adherent and non-adherent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) spheroids on CS and CS-HA substrates after 3 d of incubation. The adherent MSCs cultured on TCPS plates served as the control group in this experiment. ^bP < 0.01, among the indicated groups. PVA: Polyvinyl alcohol; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells; CS-HA: CS-hyaluronan; CS: Chitosan.