Sinomenine promotes differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into immature dendritic cells with high induction of immune tolerance

Figure 8 Sinomenine-induced pluripotent stem cells-immature dendritic cells immunization suppressed T cells and increased activated regulatory T cells in allografts. A: Sinomenine (SN)-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-immature dendritic cells (imDCs) increased the ratio of CD4⁺CD25⁺ regulatory T (Treg) cells/CD4⁺ T cells in spleen. Compared with PBS group, ^aP < 0.05. Compared with iPSCs-imDCs group, ^bP < 0.05. Compared with SN group, ^cP < 0.05; B: SN-iPSCs-imDCs increased the ratio of CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ Treg cells/CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells in spleen. Compared with iPSCs-imDCs group, ^bP < 0.05. Compared with SN group, ^cP < 0.05; C: Reactivity of recipient lymphocytes to donor or unrelated third-party lymphocytes. Compared to third-party lymphocytes, ^aP < 0.05. Compared with iPSCs-imDCs group, ^bP < 0.05; D: SN-iPSCs-imDCs downregulated proinflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines. Compared with PBS group, ^aP < 0.05. Compared with iPSCs-imDCs group, ^bP < 0.05. SN: Sinomenine; iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells; DCs: Dendritic cells; imDCs: Immature dendritic cells; IL: Interleukin; IFN: Interferon; TGF-: Transforming growth factor-.