Role of hypoxia preconditioning in therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles

Figure 2 Clinical potential of extracellular vesicles from preconditioned mesenchymal stem-cells under hypoxia. Mesenchymal stem-cell (MSC) exposed to hypoxia secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) that can be isolated and used for clinical purposes, such as treatment of wound healing and bone fractures, as well as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and renal diseases, among others. Isolation of EV is made from MSC culture medium, which can be carried out in different ways. In this case, the use of a size-exclusion column is shown. EV secreted under hypoxia were enriched in various proteins, nucleic acids (like microRNA), as well as grow factors that are implicated in modulation and improvement of different biological processes related to tissue regeneration in different pathologies. EV: Extracellular vesicles; MSC: Mesenchymal stem-cell.