Extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells alleviates myocardial injury by targeting thioredoxin-interacting protein-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway

Figure 5 Hypoxia-preconditioned extracellular vesicles alleviated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in vitro. A: Degree of cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis in control, hypoxia, normoxic extracellular vesicle (NC-EV), and hypoxia-preconditioned EV (HP-EV) groups after 2 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation, as determined by the Annexin V/PI assay (n = 5); B: Degree of CM apoptosis in control, hypoxia, NC-EV, and HP-EV groups after 2 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation, as determined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling assay (n = 5); C: Caspase-3 activity of CMs in the control, hypoxia, NC-EV, and HP-EV groups after 2 h of hypoxia followed by 12 h of reoxygenation (n = 5). All data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 compared with Hypoxia group; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 compared with Hypoxia + NC-EVs group. HP-EV: Hypoxia-preconditioned extracellular vesicles; NC-EV: Normoxic extracellular vesicle.