Maternal inappropriate calcium intake aggravates dietary-induced obesity in male offspring by affecting the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 4 Effects of maternal dietary calcium intake during pregnancy and lactation on multi-differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells among male offspring. A: Morphology of P0 BMSCs; B: Morphology of P3 BMSCs; C: Expression of genes related to adipogenic differentiation; D: Expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation. All data presented as mean ± standard error (n = 9/ group). One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the differences among the above four groups, and then Student–Newman–Keuls test was used to determine the differences between each two groups. Compared to the NC group, ^aP < 0.05. NC: Normal-calcium reproductive diet; DC: Deficient-calcium reproductive diet; LC: Low-calcium reproductive diet; HC: High-calcium reproductive diet; BMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.