Maternal inappropriate calcium intake aggravates dietary-induced obesity in male offspring by affecting the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 3 Effects of different dietary calcium intake during pregnancy and lactation on expression of target genes for adipogenic differentiation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in adipose tissues among male offspring. A, C, E and G: Expression of genes related to adipogenic differentiation in eWAT, iWAT, KAT and BAT; B, D, F and H: Expression of genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in eWAT, iWAT, KAT and BAT. All data presented as mean ± standard error (n = 10/group). One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare the differences among the above four groups, and then Student–Newman–Keuls test was used to determine the differences between each two groups. Compared to the NC-C group, ^aP < 0.05. Compared to the NC-HFD group, ^bP < 0.05. NC-C: Normal-calcium reproductive diet and normal-fat diet after weaning; NC-HFD: Normal-calcium reproductive diet and high-fat-diet (HFD) after weaning; DC-HFD: Deficient-calcium reproductive diet and HFD after weaning; LC-HFD: Low-calcium reproductive diet and HFD after weaning; HC-HFD: High-calcium reproductive diet and HFD after weaning; eWAT: Epididymal white adipose tissue; iWAT: Inguinal white adipose tissue; KAT: Kidney adipose tissue; BAT: Brown adipose tissue.