Maternal inappropriate calcium intake aggravates dietary-induced obesity in male offspring by affecting the differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells

Table 2 Effects of maternal different calcium intake on cell cycle and purity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells among male offspring

Indicators (%)	NC group (n = 9)	DC group (n = 9)	LC group (n = 9)	HC group (n = 9)	χ2	P value
Cell cycle
G0G1 Phase	91.27 ± 3.14	94.26 ± 2.09	95.08 ± 2.54	92.46 ± 5.01	1.774	0.939
G2M Phase	0.85 ± 0.0091	0.94 ± 0.011	1.05 ± 0.013	0.79 ± 0.0082
S Phase	7.89 ± 0.81	4.81 ± 0.56	3.87 ± 0.75	6.75 ± 0.94
Flow cytometry
Sca-1 (+)	95.03 ± 4.85	98.72 ± 6.12	99.31 ± 5.48	95.49 ± 3.84	4.788	0.188
CD90 (+)	98.12 ± 7.15	99.15 ± 2.04	99.07 ± 8.12	99.31 ± 6.74	0.608	0.895
CD29 (+)	99.13 ± 6.48	99.90 ± 3.46	97.02 ± 8.07	99.62 ± 7.01	0.549	0.908
CD34 (-)	99.08 ± 7.42	96.67 ± 2.93	97.94 ± 1.48	97.29 ± 1.92	0.364	0.546
CD31 (-)	99.46 ± 6.82	99.42 ± 4.12	98.94 ± 1.38	99.26 ± 1.57	0.159	0.690
CD45 (-)	99.79 ± 1.08	99.83 ± 2.54	98.48 ± 1.12	98.65 ± 1.75	0.287	0.963
CD49d (-)	99.13 ± 6.21	98.16 ± 2.32	99.06 ± 2.98	98.11 ± 1.09	5.087	0.166

Four-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were respectively fed with deficient (DC, 0.05%), low (LC, 0.25%), normal (NC, 0.70%) and high (HC,1.20%) calcium reproductive diets for 6 wk before mating and continued their diets throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, male offspring at 7-day-old from DC, LC, NC and HC groups were chosen to determine the cell cycle and purity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (1 × 10⁶) by flow cytometry. All values were shown as mean ± standard deviation (n = 9/group), and comparisons were made by χ² test. NC: Normal-calcium reproductive diet; DC: Deficient-calcium reproductive diet; LC: Low-calcium reproductive diet; HC: High-calcium reproductive diet.