Epigenetic regulation by long noncoding RNAs in osteo-/adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and degenerative bone diseases

Table 1 Interactions between long noncoding RNAs and epigenetic modifiers during osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells

LncRNAs	Samples	Expression	Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms	Target genes	Effects	Ref.
H19	hDPSCs	Up	Decreasing DNMT3B activity	DLX3	Promote odontogenic differentiation	Zeng et al[32]
H19	hDPSCs	Down	H19 was inhibited by the recruitment of DNMT3B and the enrichment of H3K9me3 in its promoter	miR-675 (derived from H19)	Inhibit odontogenic differentiation	Zeng et al[38]
H19	VICs	Up	H19 was upregulated by hypomethylation of its promoter	NR	Promote osteogenic differentiation	Hadji et al[40]
ANRIL	Umbilical cord	Down	ANRIL was inhibited by methylation of its promoter	NR	Decrease bone mass	Curtis et al[41]
HOTAIRM1	hDFSCs	Up	Inhibiting the recruitment of DNMT1	HOXA2	Promote osteogenic differentiation	Chen et al[17]
HOXA-AS3	hBMSCs	Up	Facilitating EZH2-mediated H3K27me3	RUNX2	Inhibit osteogenic differentiation	Zhu et al[62]
SNHG1	hPDLSCs	Up	Facilitating EZH2-mediated H3K27me3	KLF2	Inhibit osteogenic differentiation	Li et al[61]
OB1	human osteoblasts	Up	Inhibiting H3K27me3 by interacting with SUZ12 (a core part of PRC2)	Osterix	Promote osteogenic differentiation	Sun et al[58]

hDPSCs: Human dental pulp stromal cells; VICs: Valve interstitial cells; hDFSCs: Human dental follicle stromal cells; hBMSCs: Human bone marrow stromal cells; hPDLSCs: Human periodontal ligament stromal cells; NR: Not reported.