Neural stem cell therapy for brain disease

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of generation of neural stem cells via different methods to treat neurodegenerative disorders. Neural stem cells (NSCs) can be generated by extracting directly from the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles from fetal or adult brain. NSCs isolation from patients can be reprogrammed by using different factors such as transcription factors, small molecules, microRNAs, and other morphogens. NSCs can also be generated from blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cells by using differentiation factors. SGZ: Subgranular zone; SVZ: Subventricular zone.