Stem cells' centrosomes: How can organelles identified 130 years ago contribute to the future of regenerative medicine?

Figure 2 The primary cilium. After mitosis, the mother centriole of the old centrosome undergoes maturation that results into the formation of the basal body and ultimately the development of the primary cilium. The primary cilium is an organelle that contains the microtubule-consisting axoneme surrounded by a specialized membrane that extends from the apical surface of nearly all vertebrate cells. It is formed by ciliogenesis, which is entirely dependent on mother centriole’s appendages. The distal appendages (red) promote the maturation of the mother centriole to a basal body and its docking to the membrane. The subdistal appendages (purple) direct the positioning of the primary cilium. DC: Daughter centriole; MC: Mother centriole; PCM: Pericentriolar matrix.